Introduction
This vignette demonstrates the real-photo workflow: loading a raw hemispherical photograph, preprocessing it for gap fraction analysis, and computing solar irradiance metrics. This path is an alternative to the synthetic LiDAR-based fisheye pipeline shown in the introduction vignette.
The bundled photo example-photo.jpg was taken with a
Sigma 8mm fisheye lens mounted on a camera body held at breast height
under a forest canopy.
Step 1: Load the raw photo
library(gaplightr)
library(imager, warn.conflicts = FALSE)
#> Loading required package: magrittr
img_path <- system.file("extdata", "example-photo.jpg", package = "gaplightr")
img <- imager::load.image(img_path)
plot(img, axes = FALSE, main = "Raw fisheye photo")
Step 2: Preprocess the photo
Real fisheye photos require several preprocessing steps before gap fraction can be extracted. The exact parameters are photo-specific and must be determined visually for each image:
- Crop: remove the camera body and any non-circular border from the frame
- Rotate: rotate counterclockwise to align true north to the top
- Channel extraction: isolate the blue channel, which gives the best contrast between sky and canopy
- Threshold: convert to a binary sky/canopy mask
# Crop to the circular fisheye area. These pixel bounds are specific to
# example-photo.jpg (2184 x 1456 px) and were determined by visual inspection.
img_crop <- imager::imsub(
img,
x %inr% c(372, 1818),
y %inr% c(2, 1448)
)
# Rotate fisheye 90 degrees so that true north is up. Nearest-neighbour
# interpolation avoids mixing sky and canopy pixel values at boundaries.
img_rotated <- imager::imrotate(img_crop, 90, interpolation = 0)
# Split RGB and keep the blue channel (best contrast)
img_blue <- imager::channel(img_rotated, 3)
# Threshold to produce a binary sky mask using auto-detection. Adjust the
# adjust parameter to fine-tune for a specific photo, or pass a numeric value
# in [0, 1] derived by normalizing an 8-bit threshold: thr = x / 255.
img_thresh <- imager::threshold(img_blue, thr = "auto", adjust = 1)
fisheye <- imager::as.cimg(img_thresh)
plot(fisheye, axes = FALSE, main = "Thresholded fisheye (white = sky)")
Save the preprocessed image as a BMP file. BMP is required by
gla_process_fisheye_photos().
preprocessed_path <- file.path(tempdir(), "example-photo-preprocessed.bmp")
w <- imager::width(fisheye)
h <- imager::height(fisheye)
grDevices::bmp(
preprocessed_path,
width = w,
height = h,
units = "px",
res = 72,
type = "cairo"
)
graphics::par(mar = c(0, 0, 0, 0))
plot(fisheye, axes = FALSE)
grDevices::dev.off()
#> agg_png
#> 2Step 3: Load a point location
gla_load_points() reads a spatial points file,
reprojects to match the DEM, and extracts elevation and coordinates. We
take a single point and attach the path to the preprocessed fisheye
image.
dem_path <- system.file("extdata", "dem.tif", package = "gaplightr")
points_path <- system.file("extdata", "points.geojson", package = "gaplightr")
points <- gla_load_points(points_path, dem_path)
#> Assigning sequential point_id (1 to 3).
points <- points[1, ]
points$fisheye_photo_path <- preprocessed_path
str(points)
#> sf [1 × 8] (S3: sf/tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
#> $ elevation : num 104
#> $ point_id : int 1
#> $ x_meters : num 1e+06
#> $ y_meters : num 5e+05
#> $ lon : num -126
#> $ lat : num 49.5
#> $ geometry :sfc_POINT of length 1; first list element: 'XY' num [1:2] 1e+06 5e+05
#> $ fisheye_photo_path: chr "/tmp/Rtmp8w7jav/example-photo-preprocessed.bmp"
#> - attr(*, "sf_column")= chr "geometry"
#> - attr(*, "agr")= Factor w/ 3 levels "constant","aggregate",..: NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
#> ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:7] "elevation" "point_id" "x_meters" "y_meters" ...Step 4: Inspect gap fractions
Before computing irradiance, it is useful to inspect the gap fraction
grid directly. gla_extract_gap_fraction() maps sky-visible
pixels into rings (elevation bands) and sectors (azimuth wedges).
The Sigma 8mm lens uses an equisolid-angle projection rather than the
equidistant polar projection assumed by default.
gla_lens_sigma_8mm() returns the corresponding radial
distortion calibration.
rotation_deg = 16 is the clockwise angular offset
between camera orientation and true north for this particular photo.
sigma_cal <- gla_lens_sigma_8mm()
gap_result <- gla_extract_gap_fraction(
img_file = preprocessed_path,
elev_res = 5,
azi_res = 5,
rotation_deg = 16,
radial_distortion = sigma_cal
)
gap_result
#> $gap_fraction
#> [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
#> [1,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000
#> [2,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000
#> [3,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000
#> [4,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0005260389 0.002626050 0.00000000
#> [5,] 0.00000000 0.0005390836 0.005382131 0.0010804970 0.000000000 0.02001082
#> [6,] 0.00617284 0.0067302299 0.001124859 0.0016825575 0.005053341 0.11840629
#> [7,] 0.03093397 0.0315664086 0.034564958 0.0475341652 0.079667063 0.43597379
#> [8,] 0.08045255 0.1035131744 0.101194217 0.3830721003 0.676507538 0.98119122
#> [9,] 0.33016304 0.4993178718 0.652825051 0.8413886998 1.000000000 1.00000000
#> [10,] 0.98212956 0.9985130112 1.000000000 1.0000000000 1.000000000 1.00000000
#> [11,] 1.00000000 1.0000000000 1.000000000 1.0000000000 1.000000000 1.00000000
#> [12,] 1.00000000 1.0000000000 1.000000000 1.0000000000 1.000000000 1.00000000
#> [13,] 1.00000000 1.0000000000 1.000000000 1.0000000000 1.000000000 1.00000000
#> [14,] 0.96461337 0.9921259843 1.000000000 1.0000000000 1.000000000 0.99472991
#> [15,] 0.71096346 0.9602649007 1.000000000 1.0000000000 1.000000000 1.00000000
#> [16,] 0.83826879 1.0000000000 1.000000000 1.0000000000 1.000000000 1.00000000
#> [17,] 0.89147287 0.9612403101 0.961685824 0.8365758755 0.876447876 0.93822394
#> [18,] 0.49411765 0.4382022472 0.582417582 0.5476190476 0.568181818 0.64444444
#> [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12]
#> [1,] 0.000000000 0.0000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [2,] 0.000000000 0.0000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [3,] 0.000000000 0.0000000 0.009169638 0.02352941 0.01017294 0.00000000
#> [4,] 0.004726891 0.1764706 0.507101526 0.22414698 0.03212217 0.04041995
#> [5,] 0.168284790 0.8375607 0.914686825 0.35918148 0.07555316 0.22894168
#> [6,] 0.733970754 0.9994382 0.839125561 0.36987071 0.20157215 0.52554745
#> [7,] 0.996428571 0.9904932 0.592614652 0.02500000 0.02257873 0.60451306
#> [8,] 1.000000000 0.9115433 0.768070396 0.18706842 0.28060264 0.84899749
#> [9,] 1.000000000 0.9686649 0.535690007 0.12269939 0.15064758 0.62118126
#> [10,] 1.000000000 0.9313945 0.561102832 0.38484398 0.19136262 0.35943326
#> [11,] 1.000000000 0.9256536 0.504893964 0.30303030 0.09877551 0.51559934
#> [12,] 1.000000000 0.9990758 0.717996289 0.39796861 0.39851715 0.66203704
#> [13,] 1.000000000 1.0000000 1.000000000 0.93811075 0.68152174 0.04565217
#> [14,] 0.968545216 0.9370904 0.887139108 0.65923984 0.29934641 0.09055118
#> [15,] 1.000000000 0.9602649 0.783471074 0.57048093 0.53973510 0.15702479
#> [16,] 1.000000000 1.0000000 1.000000000 0.99541284 0.92413793 0.85159817
#> [17,] 0.976562500 0.9844961 1.000000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000
#> [18,] 0.689655172 0.7159091 0.651685393 0.73255814 0.67045455 0.73404255
#> [,13] [,14] [,15] [,16] [,17] [,18]
#> [1,] 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000
#> [2,] 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000
#> [3,] 0.00000000 0.005089059 0.017802645 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000
#> [4,] 0.30987395 0.011041009 0.165089380 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000
#> [5,] 0.57011866 0.036717063 0.109978541 0.0005396654 0.002701243 0.01025918
#> [6,] 0.62162162 0.099270892 0.208896396 0.0090242527 0.084317032 0.20753656
#> [7,] 0.88287753 0.136823319 0.280858676 0.0130486358 0.098692033 0.13285884
#> [8,] 0.89238515 0.270219436 0.030837004 0.0106382979 0.102322662 0.14554580
#> [9,] 0.82866894 0.354024557 0.002717391 0.0848153215 0.010217984 0.09078498
#> [10,] 0.95613383 0.312500000 0.097488922 0.1846612063 0.032665182 0.11558538
#> [11,] 0.97555012 0.946078431 0.073492981 0.4840816327 0.035159444 0.07096248
#> [12,] 0.75760369 0.895273401 0.247222222 0.6164510166 0.163888889 0.21574074
#> [13,] 0.11304348 0.411062907 0.377682403 0.3300760043 0.720348205 0.39130435
#> [14,] 0.08366013 0.100917431 0.446357616 0.2052631579 0.826998689 0.30457516
#> [15,] 0.20798669 0.404958678 0.726523888 0.5770491803 0.172185430 0.23013245
#> [16,] 0.86175115 0.981651376 0.988372093 0.8548387097 0.533180778 0.08545035
#> [17,] 1.00000000 1.000000000 1.000000000 0.9883268482 0.914728682 0.70769231
#> [18,] 0.83333333 0.701149425 0.630434783 0.6707317073 0.556818182 0.37362637
#> [,19] [,20] [,21] [,22] [,23] [,24]
#> [1,] 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000
#> [2,] 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000
#> [3,] 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000
#> [4,] 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000
#> [5,] 0.008099352 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000
#> [6,] 0.115039282 0.15816040 0.29471316 0.14189568 0.04042673 0.005611672
#> [7,] 0.145151695 0.62537225 0.69904648 0.38265003 0.25624257 0.066706373
#> [8,] 0.101822753 0.59284818 0.43368950 0.24451411 0.08103015 0.070219436
#> [9,] 0.237771739 0.75852660 0.26548673 0.23417291 0.05381471 0.286490156
#> [10,] 0.510796724 0.60892193 0.11449814 0.33134328 0.36607143 0.122097378
#> [11,] 0.584905660 0.77205882 0.14926591 0.38461538 0.74204082 0.419460343
#> [12,] 0.525830258 0.51851852 0.20609982 0.31881372 0.94717331 0.949121184
#> [13,] 0.115092291 0.20955483 0.30174292 0.23484848 0.79782609 0.964362851
#> [14,] 0.032765400 0.04855643 0.02887139 0.06274510 0.46264744 0.563899868
#> [15,] 0.028239203 0.01158940 0.07781457 0.13245033 0.33993399 0.639072848
#> [16,] 0.036446469 0.08965517 0.16475973 0.29655172 0.20229885 0.659817352
#> [17,] 0.406976744 0.08914729 0.01532567 0.09727626 0.05791506 0.000000000
#> [18,] 0.258823529 0.05617978 0.12087912 0.27380952 0.22727273 0.155555556
#> [,25] [,26] [,27] [,28] [,29] [,30]
#> [1,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> [2,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> [3,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> [4,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> [5,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> [6,] 0.00000000 0.0005617978 0.000000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
#> [7,] 0.04404762 0.1152703506 0.112567004 0.2011905 0.1871658 0.01781473
#> [8,] 0.08777429 0.0207026349 0.038340666 0.1594476 0.2944131 0.19298246
#> [9,] 0.05105514 0.0422343324 0.010876954 0.2794819 0.7123381 0.24032587
#> [10,] 0.06110283 0.0156599553 0.024590164 0.3350669 0.9985108 0.58165548
#> [11,] 0.16816327 0.0098039216 0.008156607 0.5257985 1.0000000 0.95648604
#> [12,] 0.85568918 0.1654343808 0.174397032 0.7820868 0.8850788 0.92222222
#> [13,] 0.97717391 0.7125813449 0.832608696 0.7524430 0.5641304 0.62608696
#> [14,] 0.82830931 0.8125819135 0.914698163 0.9397117 0.8705882 0.41732283
#> [15,] 0.95024876 1.0000000000 1.000000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.00000000
#> [16,] 0.72997712 0.8528735632 0.995423341 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.00000000
#> [17,] 0.00000000 0.0155038760 0.135135135 0.2384615 0.5752896 0.76245211
#> [18,] 0.13793103 0.3295454545 0.584269663 0.6744186 0.6590909 0.75531915
#> [,31] [,32] [,33] [,34] [,35] [,36]
#> [1,] 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000
#> [2,] 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000
#> [3,] 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000
#> [4,] 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000
#> [5,] 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000 0.0005402485 0.005939525
#> [6,] 0.00000000 0.002804262 0.1441441441 0.26790750 0.0837549185 0.040494938
#> [7,] 0.05469679 0.029149316 0.2283840191 0.29952550 0.0992865636 0.060498221
#> [8,] 0.11579610 0.008777429 0.1850220264 0.22903630 0.1895794099 0.193851945
#> [9,] 0.04232082 0.010231924 0.0298913043 0.28864569 0.1246594005 0.223208191
#> [10,] 0.04832714 0.019345238 0.0192023634 0.14445272 0.0222717149 0.033557047
#> [11,] 0.30317848 0.030228758 0.0074318745 0.04897959 0.2673753066 0.014681892
#> [12,] 0.64331797 0.104726599 0.0009259259 0.09889094 0.1842592593 0.191666667
#> [13,] 0.48043478 0.416485900 0.1845493562 0.21498371 0.1131664853 0.010869565
#> [14,] 0.24836601 0.277850590 0.4794701987 0.49078947 0.2595019659 0.032679739
#> [15,] 0.96672213 0.778512397 0.8401976936 0.57377049 0.3195364238 0.067880795
#> [16,] 1.00000000 1.000000000 0.8883720930 0.66359447 0.3432494279 0.281755196
#> [17,] 0.92156863 0.968992248 1.0000000000 0.93774319 0.9224806202 0.880769231
#> [18,] 0.69047619 0.804597701 0.9130434783 1.00000000 0.9772727273 0.923076923
#> [,37] [,38] [,39] [,40] [,41]
#> [1,] 0.0000000000 0.0000000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000
#> [2,] 0.0000000000 0.0000000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000
#> [3,] 0.0000000000 0.0000000000 0.0005099439 0.000000000 0.0005099439
#> [4,] 0.0010504202 0.0000000000 0.0031512605 0.006838506 0.0000000000
#> [5,] 0.0005399568 0.0000000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0005399568
#> [6,] 0.0016835017 0.0000000000 0.0033745782 0.000000000 0.0028074116
#> [7,] 0.0107079120 0.0000000000 0.0250297974 0.004159239 0.0017835910
#> [8,] 0.0270270270 0.0000000000 0.0069138906 0.008777429 0.0012562814
#> [9,] 0.0067934783 0.0000000000 0.0027229408 0.005445882 0.0265667575
#> [10,] 0.0387192852 0.0007434944 0.0044609665 0.019402985 0.0260416667
#> [11,] 0.0205086136 0.0049019608 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000
#> [12,] 0.2564575646 0.0342592593 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.0000000000
#> [13,] 0.2128121607 0.2236699240 0.0000000000 0.001082251 0.0000000000
#> [14,] 0.0013106160 0.0013123360 0.0000000000 0.010457516 0.0013106160
#> [15,] 0.0066445183 0.0000000000 0.0016556291 0.001655629 0.0676567657
#> [16,] 0.1412300683 0.0666666667 0.0045766590 0.002298851 0.0620689655
#> [17,] 0.8333333333 0.8255813953 0.7931034483 0.828793774 0.8841698842
#> [18,] 0.8941176471 0.8089887640 0.6043956044 0.583333333 0.7500000000
#> [,42] [,43] [,44] [,45] [,46] [,47]
#> [1,] 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000
#> [2,] 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000
#> [3,] 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000
#> [4,] 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.004726891 0.069963177 0.003674541 0.007898894
#> [5,] 0.011357491 0.0000000000 0.021586616 0.560475162 0.695207324 0.196977874
#> [6,] 0.012345679 0.0000000000 0.170786517 0.436659193 0.789207420 0.337450870
#> [7,] 0.019058964 0.0000000000 0.190136661 0.326384753 0.591071429 0.120617944
#> [8,] 0.001253918 0.0006269592 0.007528231 0.153362665 0.122410546 0.200251099
#> [9,] 0.001357773 0.0006807352 0.019754768 0.409925221 0.110429448 0.104294479
#> [10,] 0.016479401 0.0000000000 0.002982849 0.158718331 0.276374443 0.224125093
#> [11,] 0.044971382 0.0000000000 0.069444444 0.044045677 0.178542179 0.082448980
#> [12,] 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.003696858 0.006493506 0.091412742 0.029657090
#> [13,] 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.001084599 0.011956522 0.040173724 0.069565217
#> [14,] 0.000000000 0.0000000000 0.019659240 0.072178478 0.144167759 0.022222222
#> [15,] 0.026490066 0.0049751244 0.041390728 0.082644628 0.081260365 0.011589404
#> [16,] 0.312785388 0.3272311213 0.220689655 0.130434783 0.089449541 0.082758621
#> [17,] 0.942084942 0.9960937500 0.922480620 0.845559846 0.826923077 0.822393822
#> [18,] 0.755555556 0.6666666667 0.534090909 0.438202247 0.267441860 0.272727273
#> [,48] [,49] [,50] [,51] [,52] [,53]
#> [1,] 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000
#> [2,] 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000
#> [3,] 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000
#> [4,] 0.002099738 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000
#> [5,] 0.293736501 0.045307443 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.00000000
#> [6,] 0.448062886 0.010135135 0.068424004 0.129504505 0.156796390 0.01349073
#> [7,] 0.072446556 0.000000000 0.056513980 0.315444246 0.476868327 0.17479191
#> [8,] 0.015664160 0.048458150 0.344200627 0.646947766 0.543178974 0.24795982
#> [9,] 0.205023761 0.087372014 0.145293315 0.169157609 0.255129959 0.16212534
#> [10,] 0.164802386 0.053531599 0.356398810 0.538404727 0.344005957 0.45657016
#> [11,] 0.050903120 0.000000000 0.006535948 0.022295623 0.058775510 0.10956664
#> [12,] 0.020370370 0.000921659 0.000000000 0.001851852 0.009242144 0.03055556
#> [13,] 0.075000000 0.096739130 0.032537961 0.133047210 0.106406080 0.39390642
#> [14,] 0.000000000 0.205228758 0.432503277 0.449006623 0.755263158 0.97509830
#> [15,] 0.001652893 0.016638935 0.337190083 0.645799012 0.877049180 0.98675497
#> [16,] 0.143835616 0.062211982 0.449541284 0.620930233 0.735023041 0.97482838
#> [17,] 0.888888889 0.835294118 0.662790698 0.617424242 0.568093385 0.62790698
#> [18,] 0.287234043 0.285714286 0.126436782 0.086956522 0.060975610 0.13636364
#> [,54] [,55] [,56] [,57] [,58] [,59]
#> [1,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [2,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [3,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [4,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [5,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [6,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [7,] 0.08244365 0.02022606 0.007742704 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [8,] 0.32622334 0.07416719 0.077164366 0.03645506 0.01065831 0.01256281
#> [9,] 0.39385666 0.48301630 0.521145975 0.11980939 0.14703880 0.30449591
#> [10,] 0.28262491 0.44601638 0.548698885 0.46171004 0.59328358 0.62425595
#> [11,] 0.24306688 0.41181296 0.790849673 0.93964111 0.96399345 0.62938776
#> [12,] 0.07129630 0.45202952 0.973148148 1.00000000 1.00000000 0.99907322
#> [13,] 0.81847826 0.87079262 1.000000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000
#> [14,] 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.000000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000
#> [15,] 1.00000000 1.00000000 0.993377483 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000
#> [16,] 0.83371824 0.68109339 0.629885057 0.72082380 0.62988506 0.67586207
#> [17,] 0.36538462 0.15503876 0.100775194 0.18773946 0.19844358 0.08494208
#> [18,] 0.08791209 0.05882353 0.179775281 0.13186813 0.08333333 0.21590909
#> [,60] [,61] [,62] [,63] [,64] [,65]
#> [1,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [2,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [3,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [4,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [5,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [6,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [7,] 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
#> [8,] 0.01379310 0.10783699 0.18444166 0.12445003 0.03013183 0.06465788
#> [9,] 0.13577733 0.11436351 0.31539510 0.26920462 0.06748466 0.22290389
#> [10,] 0.25018727 0.09165425 0.59880686 0.43442623 0.37815750 0.52271035
#> [11,] 0.38757155 0.66367347 0.90114379 0.99836868 0.94021294 0.90693878
#> [12,] 0.90101758 0.93802035 1.00000000 1.00000000 0.98891967 0.97775718
#> [13,] 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 0.99457112 0.96304348
#> [14,] 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 0.98165138 0.86405229
#> [15,] 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 0.97346600 0.67218543
#> [16,] 0.91324201 0.71167048 0.73793103 0.89244851 0.52752294 0.30574713
#> [17,] 0.08494208 0.00390625 0.06201550 0.04247104 0.08461538 0.35907336
#> [18,] 0.11111111 0.00000000 0.01136364 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.01136364
#> [,66] [,67] [,68] [,69] [,70] [,71]
#> [1,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000 0.02875065 0.00000000 0.0000000000
#> [2,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000000
#> [3,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000000
#> [4,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000000
#> [5,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000000
#> [6,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000000
#> [7,] 0.00000000 0.0000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0005945303
#> [8,] 0.01065163 0.0006293266 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.01126408 0.0269930948
#> [9,] 0.15342838 0.0163822526 0.05593452 0.10461957 0.40902873 0.4168937330
#> [10,] 0.55853840 0.0892193309 0.14880952 0.62186115 0.89501117 0.5560504826
#> [11,] 0.94827586 0.2110839446 0.45016340 0.97853014 0.96979592 0.5682747343
#> [12,] 0.89166667 0.0488479263 0.70157553 0.98240741 0.97597043 0.5648148148
#> [13,] 0.60326087 0.0641304348 0.94685466 1.00000000 0.92942454 0.6267682263
#> [14,] 0.28740157 0.3908496732 0.91480996 0.99735099 0.81973684 0.6762778506
#> [15,] 0.15371901 0.8951747088 0.94049587 0.61779242 0.13770492 0.1721854305
#> [16,] 0.87442922 0.9907834101 0.68807339 0.16046512 0.02073733 0.0549199085
#> [17,] 0.55555556 0.6352941176 0.78682171 0.89015152 0.85214008 0.8992248062
#> [18,] 0.07446809 0.1666666667 0.18390805 0.21505376 0.37804878 0.3863636364
#> [,72]
#> [1,] 0.000000000
#> [2,] 0.000000000
#> [3,] 0.000000000
#> [4,] 0.000000000
#> [5,] 0.000000000
#> [6,] 0.001124859
#> [7,] 0.004744958
#> [8,] 0.053952321
#> [9,] 0.533788396
#> [10,] 0.973154362
#> [11,] 1.000000000
#> [12,] 1.000000000
#> [13,] 0.997826087
#> [14,] 0.827450980
#> [15,] 0.163907285
#> [16,] 0.397228637
#> [17,] 0.957692308
#> [18,] 0.450549451
#>
#> $total_pixels
#> [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13]
#> [1,] 1903 1908 1904 1907 1905 1910 1902 1907 1904 1907 1905 1902 1909
#> [2,] 1976 1977 1975 1974 1977 1969 1976 1976 1977 1976 1975 1974 1976
#> [3,] 1963 1961 1961 1961 1961 1969 1964 1960 1963 1955 1966 1959 1965
#> [4,] 1904 1900 1904 1901 1904 1904 1904 1904 1901 1905 1899 1905 1904
#> [5,] 1852 1855 1858 1851 1852 1849 1854 1853 1852 1857 1853 1852 1854
#> [6,] 1782 1783 1778 1783 1781 1782 1778 1780 1784 1779 1781 1781 1776
#> [7,] 1681 1679 1678 1683 1682 1679 1680 1683 1679 1680 1683 1684 1682
#> [8,] 1591 1594 1591 1595 1592 1595 1595 1594 1591 1593 1593 1596 1589
#> [9,] 1472 1466 1469 1469 1468 1473 1469 1468 1471 1467 1467 1473 1465
#> [10,] 1343 1345 1345 1340 1344 1335 1342 1341 1342 1346 1343 1341 1345
#> [11,] 1219 1224 1226 1222 1225 1223 1225 1224 1226 1221 1225 1218 1227
#> [12,] 1084 1080 1082 1079 1079 1081 1081 1082 1078 1083 1079 1080 1085
#> [13,] 921 921 918 924 920 926 920 922 920 921 920 920 920
#> [14,] 763 762 762 765 763 759 763 763 762 763 765 762 765
#> [15,] 602 604 604 604 606 604 603 604 605 603 604 605 601
#> [16,] 439 435 437 435 435 438 437 435 437 436 435 438 434
#> [17,] 258 258 261 257 259 259 256 258 259 260 259 261 255
#> [18,] 85 89 91 84 88 90 87 88 89 86 88 94 84
#> [,14] [,15] [,16] [,17] [,18] [,19] [,20] [,21] [,22] [,23] [,24] [,25]
#> [1,] 1906 1913 1901 1905 1907 1903 1908 1904 1907 1905 1910 1902
#> [2,] 1972 1964 1983 1974 1973 1976 1977 1975 1974 1977 1969 1976
#> [3,] 1965 1966 1960 1964 1961 1963 1961 1961 1961 1961 1969 1964
#> [4,] 1902 1902 1905 1904 1906 1904 1900 1904 1901 1904 1904 1904
#> [5,] 1852 1864 1853 1851 1852 1852 1855 1858 1851 1852 1849 1854
#> [6,] 1783 1776 1773 1779 1778 1782 1783 1778 1783 1781 1782 1778
#> [7,] 1681 1677 1686 1682 1686 1681 1679 1678 1683 1682 1679 1680
#> [8,] 1595 1589 1598 1593 1594 1591 1594 1591 1595 1592 1595 1595
#> [9,] 1466 1472 1462 1468 1465 1472 1466 1469 1469 1468 1473 1469
#> [10,] 1344 1354 1343 1347 1341 1343 1345 1345 1340 1344 1335 1342
#> [11,] 1224 1211 1225 1223 1226 1219 1224 1226 1222 1225 1223 1225
#> [12,] 1079 1080 1082 1080 1080 1084 1080 1082 1079 1079 1081 1081
#> [13,] 922 932 921 919 920 921 921 918 924 920 926 920
#> [14,] 763 755 760 763 765 763 762 762 765 763 759 763
#> [15,] 605 607 610 604 604 602 604 604 604 606 604 603
#> [16,] 436 430 434 437 433 439 435 437 435 435 438 437
#> [17,] 258 264 257 258 260 258 258 261 257 259 259 256
#> [18,] 87 92 82 88 91 85 89 91 84 88 90 87
#> [,26] [,27] [,28] [,29] [,30] [,31] [,32] [,33] [,34] [,35] [,36] [,37]
#> [1,] 1907 1904 1907 1905 1902 1909 1906 1913 1901 1905 1907 1903
#> [2,] 1976 1977 1976 1975 1974 1976 1972 1964 1983 1974 1973 1976
#> [3,] 1960 1963 1955 1966 1959 1965 1965 1966 1960 1964 1961 1963
#> [4,] 1904 1901 1905 1899 1905 1904 1902 1902 1905 1904 1906 1904
#> [5,] 1853 1852 1857 1853 1852 1854 1852 1864 1853 1851 1852 1852
#> [6,] 1780 1784 1779 1781 1781 1776 1783 1776 1773 1779 1778 1782
#> [7,] 1683 1679 1680 1683 1684 1682 1681 1677 1686 1682 1686 1681
#> [8,] 1594 1591 1593 1593 1596 1589 1595 1589 1598 1593 1594 1591
#> [9,] 1468 1471 1467 1467 1473 1465 1466 1472 1462 1468 1465 1472
#> [10,] 1341 1342 1346 1343 1341 1345 1344 1354 1343 1347 1341 1343
#> [11,] 1224 1226 1221 1225 1218 1227 1224 1211 1225 1223 1226 1219
#> [12,] 1082 1078 1083 1079 1080 1085 1079 1080 1082 1080 1080 1084
#> [13,] 922 920 921 920 920 920 922 932 921 919 920 921
#> [14,] 763 762 763 765 762 765 763 755 760 763 765 763
#> [15,] 604 605 603 604 605 601 605 607 610 604 604 602
#> [16,] 435 437 436 435 438 434 436 430 434 437 433 439
#> [17,] 258 259 260 259 261 255 258 264 257 258 260 258
#> [18,] 88 89 86 88 94 84 87 92 82 88 91 85
#> [,38] [,39] [,40] [,41] [,42] [,43] [,44] [,45] [,46] [,47] [,48] [,49]
#> [1,] 1908 1904 1907 1905 1910 1902 1907 1904 1907 1905 1902 1909
#> [2,] 1977 1975 1974 1977 1969 1976 1976 1977 1976 1975 1974 1976
#> [3,] 1961 1961 1961 1961 1969 1964 1960 1963 1955 1966 1959 1965
#> [4,] 1900 1904 1901 1904 1904 1904 1904 1901 1905 1899 1905 1904
#> [5,] 1855 1858 1851 1852 1849 1854 1853 1852 1857 1853 1852 1854
#> [6,] 1783 1778 1783 1781 1782 1778 1780 1784 1779 1781 1781 1776
#> [7,] 1679 1678 1683 1682 1679 1680 1683 1679 1680 1683 1684 1682
#> [8,] 1594 1591 1595 1592 1595 1595 1594 1591 1593 1593 1596 1589
#> [9,] 1466 1469 1469 1468 1473 1469 1468 1471 1467 1467 1473 1465
#> [10,] 1345 1345 1340 1344 1335 1342 1341 1342 1346 1343 1341 1345
#> [11,] 1224 1226 1222 1225 1223 1225 1224 1226 1221 1225 1218 1227
#> [12,] 1080 1082 1079 1079 1081 1081 1082 1078 1083 1079 1080 1085
#> [13,] 921 918 924 920 926 920 922 920 921 920 920 920
#> [14,] 762 762 765 763 759 763 763 762 763 765 762 765
#> [15,] 604 604 604 606 604 603 604 605 603 604 605 601
#> [16,] 435 437 435 435 438 437 435 437 436 435 438 434
#> [17,] 258 261 257 259 259 256 258 259 260 259 261 255
#> [18,] 89 91 84 88 90 87 88 89 86 88 94 84
#> [,50] [,51] [,52] [,53] [,54] [,55] [,56] [,57] [,58] [,59] [,60] [,61]
#> [1,] 1906 1913 1901 1905 1907 1903 1908 1904 1907 1905 1910 1902
#> [2,] 1972 1964 1983 1974 1973 1976 1977 1975 1974 1977 1969 1976
#> [3,] 1965 1966 1960 1964 1961 1963 1961 1961 1961 1961 1969 1964
#> [4,] 1902 1902 1905 1904 1906 1904 1900 1904 1901 1904 1904 1904
#> [5,] 1852 1864 1853 1851 1852 1852 1855 1858 1851 1852 1849 1854
#> [6,] 1783 1776 1773 1779 1778 1782 1783 1778 1783 1781 1782 1778
#> [7,] 1681 1677 1686 1682 1686 1681 1679 1678 1683 1682 1679 1680
#> [8,] 1595 1589 1598 1593 1594 1591 1594 1591 1595 1592 1595 1595
#> [9,] 1466 1472 1462 1468 1465 1472 1466 1469 1469 1468 1473 1469
#> [10,] 1344 1354 1343 1347 1341 1343 1345 1345 1340 1344 1335 1342
#> [11,] 1224 1211 1225 1223 1226 1219 1224 1226 1222 1225 1223 1225
#> [12,] 1079 1080 1082 1080 1080 1084 1080 1082 1079 1079 1081 1081
#> [13,] 922 932 921 919 920 921 921 918 924 920 926 920
#> [14,] 763 755 760 763 765 763 762 762 765 763 759 763
#> [15,] 605 607 610 604 604 602 604 604 604 606 604 603
#> [16,] 436 430 434 437 433 439 435 437 435 435 438 437
#> [17,] 258 264 257 258 260 258 258 261 257 259 259 256
#> [18,] 87 92 82 88 91 85 89 91 84 88 90 87
#> [,62] [,63] [,64] [,65] [,66] [,67] [,68] [,69] [,70] [,71] [,72]
#> [1,] 1907 1904 1907 1905 1902 1909 1906 1913 1901 1905 1907
#> [2,] 1976 1977 1976 1975 1974 1976 1972 1964 1983 1974 1973
#> [3,] 1960 1963 1955 1966 1959 1965 1965 1966 1960 1964 1961
#> [4,] 1904 1901 1905 1899 1905 1904 1902 1902 1905 1904 1906
#> [5,] 1853 1852 1857 1853 1852 1854 1852 1864 1853 1851 1852
#> [6,] 1780 1784 1779 1781 1781 1776 1783 1776 1773 1779 1778
#> [7,] 1683 1679 1680 1683 1684 1682 1681 1677 1686 1682 1686
#> [8,] 1594 1591 1593 1593 1596 1589 1595 1589 1598 1593 1594
#> [9,] 1468 1471 1467 1467 1473 1465 1466 1472 1462 1468 1465
#> [10,] 1341 1342 1346 1343 1341 1345 1344 1354 1343 1347 1341
#> [11,] 1224 1226 1221 1225 1218 1227 1224 1211 1225 1223 1226
#> [12,] 1082 1078 1083 1079 1080 1085 1079 1080 1082 1080 1080
#> [13,] 922 920 921 920 920 920 922 932 921 919 920
#> [14,] 763 762 763 765 762 765 763 755 760 763 765
#> [15,] 604 605 603 604 605 601 605 607 610 604 604
#> [16,] 435 437 436 435 438 434 436 430 434 437 433
#> [17,] 258 259 260 259 261 255 258 264 257 258 260
#> [18,] 88 89 86 88 94 84 87 93 82 88 91
#>
#> $gap_pixels
#> [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13]
#> [1,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [2,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [3,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 46 20 0 0
#> [4,] 0 0 0 1 5 0 9 336 964 427 61 77 590
#> [5,] 0 1 10 2 0 37 312 1552 1694 667 140 424 1057
#> [6,] 11 12 2 3 9 211 1305 1779 1497 658 359 936 1104
#> [7,] 52 53 58 80 134 732 1674 1667 995 42 38 1018 1485
#> [8,] 128 165 161 611 1077 1565 1595 1453 1222 298 447 1355 1418
#> [9,] 486 732 959 1236 1468 1473 1469 1422 788 180 221 915 1214
#> [10,] 1319 1343 1345 1340 1344 1335 1342 1249 753 518 257 482 1286
#> [11,] 1219 1224 1226 1222 1225 1223 1225 1133 619 370 121 628 1197
#> [12,] 1084 1080 1082 1079 1079 1081 1081 1081 774 431 430 715 822
#> [13,] 921 921 918 924 920 926 920 922 920 864 627 42 104
#> [14,] 736 756 762 765 763 755 739 715 676 503 229 69 64
#> [15,] 428 580 604 604 606 604 603 580 474 344 326 95 125
#> [16,] 368 435 437 435 435 438 437 435 437 434 402 373 374
#> [17,] 230 248 251 215 227 243 250 254 259 260 259 261 255
#> [18,] 42 39 53 46 50 58 60 63 58 63 59 69 70
#> [,14] [,15] [,16] [,17] [,18] [,19] [,20] [,21] [,22] [,23] [,24] [,25]
#> [1,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [2,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [3,] 10 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [4,] 21 314 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [5,] 68 205 1 5 19 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [6,] 177 371 16 150 369 205 282 524 253 72 10 0
#> [7,] 230 471 22 166 224 244 1050 1173 644 431 112 74
#> [8,] 431 49 17 163 232 162 945 690 390 129 112 140
#> [9,] 519 4 124 15 133 350 1112 390 344 79 422 75
#> [10,] 420 132 248 44 155 686 819 154 444 492 163 82
#> [11,] 1158 89 593 43 87 713 945 183 470 909 513 206
#> [12,] 966 267 667 177 233 570 560 223 344 1022 1026 925
#> [13,] 379 352 304 662 360 106 193 277 217 734 893 899
#> [14,] 77 337 156 631 233 25 37 22 48 353 428 632
#> [15,] 245 441 352 104 139 17 7 47 80 206 386 573
#> [16,] 428 425 371 233 37 16 39 72 129 88 289 319
#> [17,] 258 264 254 236 184 105 23 4 25 15 0 0
#> [18,] 61 58 55 49 34 22 5 11 23 20 14 12
#> [,26] [,27] [,28] [,29] [,30] [,31] [,32] [,33] [,34] [,35] [,36] [,37]
#> [1,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [2,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [3,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [4,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
#> [5,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 1
#> [6,] 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 256 475 149 72 3
#> [7,] 194 189 338 315 30 92 49 383 505 167 102 18
#> [8,] 33 61 254 469 308 184 14 294 366 302 309 43
#> [9,] 62 16 410 1045 354 62 15 44 422 183 327 10
#> [10,] 21 33 451 1341 780 65 26 26 194 30 45 52
#> [11,] 12 10 642 1225 1165 372 37 9 60 327 18 25
#> [12,] 179 188 847 955 996 698 113 1 107 199 207 278
#> [13,] 657 766 693 519 576 442 384 172 198 104 10 196
#> [14,] 620 697 717 666 318 190 212 362 373 198 25 1
#> [15,] 604 605 603 604 605 581 471 510 350 193 41 4
#> [16,] 371 435 436 435 438 434 436 382 288 150 122 62
#> [17,] 4 35 62 149 199 235 250 264 241 238 229 215
#> [18,] 29 52 58 58 71 58 70 84 82 86 84 76
#> [,38] [,39] [,40] [,41] [,42] [,43] [,44] [,45] [,46] [,47] [,48] [,49]
#> [1,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [2,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [3,] 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [4,] 0 6 13 0 0 0 9 133 7 15 4 0
#> [5,] 0 0 0 1 21 0 40 1038 1291 365 544 84
#> [6,] 0 6 0 5 22 0 304 779 1404 601 798 18
#> [7,] 0 42 7 3 32 0 320 548 993 203 122 0
#> [8,] 0 11 14 2 2 1 12 244 195 319 25 77
#> [9,] 0 4 8 39 2 1 29 603 162 153 302 128
#> [10,] 1 6 26 35 22 0 4 213 372 301 221 72
#> [11,] 6 0 0 0 55 0 85 54 218 101 62 0
#> [12,] 37 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 99 32 22 1
#> [13,] 206 0 1 0 0 0 1 11 37 64 69 89
#> [14,] 1 0 8 1 0 0 15 55 110 17 0 157
#> [15,] 0 1 1 41 16 3 25 50 49 7 1 10
#> [16,] 29 2 1 27 137 143 96 57 39 36 63 27
#> [17,] 213 207 213 229 244 255 238 219 215 213 232 213
#> [18,] 72 55 49 66 68 58 47 39 23 24 27 24
#> [,50] [,51] [,52] [,53] [,54] [,55] [,56] [,57] [,58] [,59] [,60] [,61]
#> [1,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [2,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [3,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [4,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [5,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [6,] 122 230 278 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [7,] 95 529 804 294 139 34 13 0 0 0 0 0
#> [8,] 549 1028 868 395 520 118 123 58 17 20 22 172
#> [9,] 213 249 373 238 577 711 764 176 216 447 200 168
#> [10,] 479 729 462 615 379 599 738 621 795 839 334 123
#> [11,] 8 27 72 134 298 502 968 1152 1178 771 474 813
#> [12,] 0 2 10 33 77 490 1051 1082 1079 1078 974 1014
#> [13,] 30 124 98 362 753 802 921 918 924 920 926 920
#> [14,] 330 339 574 744 765 763 762 762 765 763 759 763
#> [15,] 204 392 535 596 604 602 600 604 604 606 604 603
#> [16,] 196 267 319 426 361 299 274 315 274 294 400 311
#> [17,] 171 163 146 162 95 40 26 49 51 22 22 1
#> [18,] 11 8 5 12 8 5 16 12 7 19 10 0
#> [,62] [,63] [,64] [,65] [,66] [,67] [,68] [,69] [,70] [,71] [,72]
#> [1,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 0 0 0
#> [2,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [3,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [4,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [5,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#> [6,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
#> [7,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8
#> [8,] 294 198 48 103 17 1 0 0 18 43 86
#> [9,] 463 396 99 327 226 24 82 154 598 612 782
#> [10,] 803 583 509 702 749 120 200 842 1202 749 1305
#> [11,] 1103 1224 1148 1111 1155 259 551 1185 1188 695 1226
#> [12,] 1082 1078 1071 1055 963 53 757 1061 1056 610 1080
#> [13,] 922 920 916 886 555 59 873 932 856 576 918
#> [14,] 763 762 749 661 219 299 698 753 623 516 633
#> [15,] 604 605 587 406 93 538 569 375 84 104 99
#> [16,] 321 390 230 133 383 430 300 69 9 24 172
#> [17,] 16 11 22 93 145 162 203 235 219 232 249
#> [18,] 1 0 0 1 7 14 16 20 31 34 41
#>
#> $nRings
#> [1] 18
#>
#> $nSectors
#> [1] 72Step 5: Compute solar irradiance
gla_process_fisheye_photos() integrates gap fractions
with the solar geometry model to produce canopy openness and irradiance
metrics. We use Julian days 172-182 (around the summer solstice) with a
coarser time step to keep computation fast.
results <- gla_process_fisheye_photos(
points = points,
clearsky_coef = 0.65,
time_step_min = 10,
day_start = 172,
day_end = 182,
day_res = 2,
elev_res = 5,
azi_res = 5,
Kt = 0.54,
rotation_deg = 16,
radial_distortion = sigma_cal,
parallel = FALSE
)
#> Processing 1 fisheye photos for solar radiation...
#> Completed processing 1 fisheye photos
str(results[, c(
"canopy_openness_pct",
"transmitted_global_irradiation_MJm2d",
"light_penetration_index"
)])
#> sf [1 × 4] (S3: sf/tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
#> $ canopy_openness_pct : num 20.7
#> $ transmitted_global_irradiation_MJm2d: num 5.83
#> $ light_penetration_index : num 0.259
#> $ geometry :sfc_POINT of length 1; first list element: 'XY' num [1:2] 1e+06 5e+05
#> - attr(*, "sf_column")= chr "geometry"
#> - attr(*, "agr")= Factor w/ 3 levels "constant","aggregate",..: NA NA NA
#> ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:3] "canopy_openness_pct" "transmitted_global_irradiation_MJm2d" "light_penetration_index"Next steps
For a batch of real photos, create an sf object with one row per
photo and set fisheye_photo_path to the preprocessed BMP
path for each row. The same gla_process_fisheye_photos()
call then processes all points.